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Labour Demand Effects of Internationalization in the Colombian Manufacturing Industry, 1974-2015

Efectos de la internacionalización sobre la demanda de trabajo en la industria manufacturera colombiana, 1974-2015;
Efeitos da internacionalização sobre a procura de trabalho na indústria manufatureira colombiana – 1974 a 2015

dc.contributor.authorAgudelo, Sonia A.
dc.coverage.spatialLat: 06 15 00 N degrees minutes Lat: 6.2500 decimal degreesLong: 075 36 00 W degrees minutes Long: -75.6000 decimal degrees
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-23T16:11:12Z
dc.date.available2024-01-23T16:11:12Z
dc.date.created2022-11-03
dc.identifier.issn0120-6346
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11407/8259
dc.descriptionColombia experienced a major structural change in the early nineties. This structural change is related to major trade and labour market reforms undertaken around 1992, which is considered the inflection year. This paper focuses on evaluating whether the structural change in international trade exposure significantly altered the employment response to wage changes in the manufacturing industry. Hamermesh’s (1993) framework is used to explain the total employment effect, which is made of the substitution and scale effects. This total effect is empirically quantified, and its two components disentangled. We find that the employment elasticity of a wage change rose from -1.05 in 1974-1991 to -1.56 in 1992-2015. By components, the substitution effect rose from -0.68 to -1.19, and the scale effect remained stable at -0.38. These findings suggest that trade liberalization has had negative consequences on workers’ welfare. A larger sensitivity of labour demand has been associated with a larger workers’ tax burden and a greater instability in labour market outcomes (Rodrik, 1997). Therefore, the increases in payroll taxation experienced during the nineties may have led to job destruction and an amplified workers’ tax burden, while capital-labour substitution processes may have accelerated on account of the larger employment sensitivity.eng
dc.descriptionColombia experimentó un importante cambio estructural a principios de los años noventa. Este cambio estructural está relacionado con las grandes reformas del comercio y del mercado laboral emprendidas en torno a 1992, que se considera el año de inflexión. Este trabajo se centra en evaluar si el cambio estructural en la exposición al comercio internacional alteró significativamente la respuesta del empleo a los cambios salariales en la industria manufacturera. Se utiliza el marco de Hamermesh (1993) para explicar el efecto total sobre el empleo, que se compone de los efectos de sustitución y de escala. Este efecto total se cuantifica empíricamente y se desentrañan sus dos componentes. Encontramos que la elasticidad del empleo de un cambio salarial pasó de -1.05 en 1974-1991 a -1.56 en 1992-2015. Por componentes, el efecto de sustitución aumentó de -0.68 a -1.19. y el efecto de escala se mantuvo estable en -0.38. Estos resultados sugieren que la liberalización del comercio ha tenido consecuencias negativas en el bienestar de los trabajadores. Una mayor sensibilidad de la demanda de mano de obra se ha asociado a una mayor carga fiscal de los trabajadores y a una mayor inestabilidad de los resultados del mercado laboral (Rodrik, 1997). Por lo tanto, los aumentos de la imposición sobre las nóminas experimentados durante los años noventa pueden haber provocado la destrucción de puestos de trabajo y un aumento de la carga fiscal de los trabajadores, mientras que los procesos de sustitución de capital por trabajo pueden haberse acelerado debido a la mayor sensibilidad del empleo.spa
dc.descriptionColômbia experimentou uma significativa mudança estrutural no começo dos anos noventa. Esta mudança estrutural está relacionada com as grandes reformas do comércio e do mercado de trabalho empreendidas no ano de 1992, ano este considerado como a da mudança. Este trabalho centra-se em avaliar se a transformação estrutural na exposição ao comércio internacional afetou significativamente a resposta do emprego face as alterações salariais na indústria manufatureira. É utilizado o marco de Hamermesh (1993) para explicar o efeito geral sobre o emprego, que é composto dos efeitos da substituição e de escala. Este efeito geral quantifica-se empiricamente e se desentranham seus dois componentes. Encontramos que a elasticidade do trabalho de uma mudança salarial passou de -1.05 em 1974 a -1.56 em 1992-2015. Pelos componentes, o efeito de substituição aumentou de -0.68 a -1.19, e o efeito de escala se manteve estável em -0.38. Estes resultados sugerem que a liberalização do comércio tem tido consequências negativas no bem estar dos trabalhadores. Uma maior sensibilidade na procura de mão de obra tem sido associada a uma maior carga tributária dos trabalhadores e uma maior instabilidade dos resultados do mercado laboral (Rodrik, 1997). Por conseguinte, os aumentos da imposição sobre as folhas de pagamento experimentados durante os anos noventa podem ter provocado a diminuição dos postos de trabalho e um aumento tributário dos trabalhadores, enquanto que os processos de substituição de capital pelo trabalho podem ter sido acelerado devido a maior sensibilidade do emprego.por
dc.formatPDF
dc.format.extentp. 1-48
dc.format.mediumElectrónico
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversidad de Medellín
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSemestre Económico; Vol. 25 No. 58 (2022)
dc.relation.haspartSemestre Económico; Vol. 25 Núm. 58 enero-junio 2022
dc.relation.urihttps://revistas.udem.edu.co/index.php/economico/article/view/3916
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0*
dc.sourceSemestre Económico; Vol. 25 No. 58 (2022): (enero-junio); 1-48
dc.subjectLabour demand elasticityeng
dc.subjectSubstitution elasticityeng
dc.subjectTrade opennesseng
dc.subjectColombiaeng
dc.subjectElasticidad de la demanda de trabajospa
dc.subjectElasticidad de sustituciónspa
dc.subjectApertura comercialspa
dc.subjectColombiaspa
dc.subjectElasticidade da procura de trabalhopor
dc.subjectElasticidade de substituiçãopor
dc.subjectAbertura comercialpor
dc.subjectColombiapor
dc.titleLabour Demand Effects of Internationalization in the Colombian Manufacturing Industry, 1974-2015eng
dc.titleEfectos de la internacionalización sobre la demanda de trabajo en la industria manufacturera colombiana, 1974-2015spa
dc.titleEfeitos da internacionalização sobre a procura de trabalho na indústria manufatureira colombiana – 1974 a 2015por
dc.typearticle
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.22395/seec.v25n58a5
dc.relation.citationvolume25
dc.relation.citationissue58
dc.relation.citationstartpage1
dc.relation.citationendpage48
dc.audienceComunidad Universidad de Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas
dc.publisher.placeMedellín
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