Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of institutional dimensions and corporate reputation (CR) on the performance of Latin American companies using a study framework built on institutional theory. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used a panel data analysis of 45 companies from the 6 biggest economies in Latin America for 5 years. Findings: The authors found a positive effect between institutional independence and transparency perception, certifications, social norms, chief executive officer (CEO) international experience, board of directors' networks and CR with international performance (IP) and a negative effect between property rights protection and the perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) with performance. Originality/value: The uniqueness of this paper is based on the analysis of institutional and reputational variables on the IP of firms from emerging markets. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.