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Development of a high-performance structural material from reforested wood of the Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken species from the department of Chocó

dc.contributor.advisorCorrea Bedoya, Esteban Alberto
dc.contributor.advisorArroyave Quiceno, Catalina
dc.contributor.authorMaturana Guevara, Juan Carlos
dc.coverage.spatialLat: 06 15 00 N degrees minutes Lat: 6.2500 decimal degrees Long: 075 36 00 W degrees minutes Long: -75.6000 decimal degreeseng
dc.coverage.spatialLat: 06 15 00 N  degrees minutes  Lat: 6.2500  decimal degreesLong: 075 36 00 W  degrees minutes  Long: -75.6000  decimal degrees
dc.date2024-07-17
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-24T21:12:33Z
dc.date.available2024-09-24T21:12:33Z
dc.identifier.otherT 0549 2024
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11407/8603
dc.descriptionEl desarrollo de materiales de alta resistencia a base de madera es uno de los principales retos que afronta la industria de la madera ante la creciente demanda de materiales sostenibles para aplicaciones de ingeniería avanzada. La madera, es un material derivado de los bosques y en muchos casos su extracción es una actividad selectiva y desmedida que ejerce gran presión sobre las especies forestales más deseables, ya que sus propiedades brindan mejores condiciones para su uso. Esto representaría un alto potencial para contribuir desde un enfoque medioambiental al desarrollo tecnológico de la industria de la madera como estrategia para reducir la dependencia del uso de recursos forestales amenazados y promover el uso de otros recursos forestales que actualmente son poco aprovechados como las maderas menos conocidas, de baja densidad y durabilidad. En la práctica actual, varias estrategias para aumentar la resistencia de la madera de baja densidad han sido objeto de considerable investigación, a través de métodos como la densificación, aunque todavía se enfrentan a ciertas limitaciones en términos de desarrollo. Estos métodos de densificación mejoran las propiedades mecánicas de la madera reduciendo primero la resistencia de la pared celular por métodos físicos o químicos y aplicando después compresión mecánica. Los avances más significativos se han conseguido combinando tratamientos como la deslignificación y densificación. Esta tesis se ha centrado en el desarrollo de un material estructural de alto desempeño a partir de madera reforestada de baja densidad como estrategia que contribuye a potenciar maderas con bajas propiedades y reduce la presión que se ejerce sobre las maderas más conocidas. Potenciar las maderas de bajas propiedades permitiría trabajar en la investigación de nuevos materiales con posibilidades potenciales de aplicación en diferentes sectores tecnológicos. El método propuesto consiste en la densificación en dos etapas para materiales de madera denominado prensado isostático en caliente (HIP), el cual abarca dos importantes áreas de investigación. La etapa inicial del estudio prepara el material mediante la eliminación parcial de lignina y hemicelulosa, lo que permite reducir la resistencia a la compresión de la estructura anatómica de la madera. En la segunda etapa, se consigue una alta densificación mediante prensado isostático en caliente en una atmósfera de argón. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el tratamiento de deslignificación es un proceso con efectos no uniformes sobre la eliminación de lignina/hemicelulosa y los minerales acumulados debido a la estructura anatómica de la madera. Los resultados demuestran que el método puede lograr la densificación casi completa de la madera, alcanzando valores de hasta 1.47 g/cm3, lo que supera los incrementos de densidad alcanzados con los métodos de densificación anteriores y cualquier incremento de la densidad jamás registrado para una especie de madera dura. En comparación, este método también puede preservar alrededor del 35% del volumen original de la madera, en comparación con otros métodos que normalmente sólo pueden mantener el 20% del volumen. Además, muestra patrones de densidad homogéneos, densificación estable sin recuperación de la forma y propiedades mecánicas mejoradas. Esta investigación también revisa el efecto de la densificación en los procesos de descomposición natural de la madera de Sande densificada mediante HIP en comparación con especímenes no densificados de Sande, Andiroba y Choiba, demostrando su eficacia para obtener una mayor durabilidad natural de la madera densificada en clima poco adverso (templado – seco). En definitiva, el método de densificación de dos pasos propuesto en esta tesis contribuye a potenciar maderas de baja densidad mediante el desarrollo de un material estructural de alto desempeño a partir de la deslignificación parcial y densificación isostática de la madera. Lo que sugiere un potencial prometedor para los nuevos materiales de madera procesados con HIP.spa
dc.descriptionThe development of high-strength wood-based materials is one of the main challenges facing the wood industry in the face of the growing demand for sustainable materials for advanced engineering applications. Wood is a material derived from forests and in many cases its extraction is a selective and excessive activity that exerts great pressure on the most desirable forest species, since their properties provide better conditions for its use. This would represent a high potential to contribute from an environmental approach to the technological development of the wood industry as a strategy to reduce dependence on the use of threatened forest resources and promote the use of other forest resources that are currently underutilized, such as lesser-known woods of low density and durability. In current practice, various strategies to increase the strength of low-density wood have been the subject of considerable research, through methods such as densification, although they still face certain limitations in terms of development. These densification methods improve the mechanical properties of wood by first reducing the cell wall strength by physical or chemical methods and then applying mechanical compression. The most significant advances have been achieved by combining treatments such as delignification and densification. This thesis has focused on the development of a high-performance structural material from low density reforested wood as a strategy to improve woods with low properties and to reduce the compression of the best-known woods. The improvement of woods with low properties would allow the research of new materials with potential applications in different technological sectors. The proposed method consists of a two-stage densification of wood materials, called Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), which includes two important areas of research. In the first stage of the study, the material is prepared by partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the anatomical wood structure. In the second stage, high densification is achieved by hot isostatic pressing in an argon atmosphere. The results obtained indicate that the delignification treatment is a process with non-uniform effects on the removal of lignin/hemicellulose and accumulated minerals due to the anatomical structure of the wood. The results show that the method can achieve almost complete densification of the wood, reaching values up to 1.47 g/cm3, which exceeds the density increases achieved with previous densification methods and any density increase ever recorded for a hardwood species. In comparison, this method can also preserve approximately 35% of the original volume of the wood, compared to other methods that can typically only maintain 20% of the volume. It also shows homogeneous density patterns, stable densification without shape recovery and improved mechanical properties. This research also examines the effect of densification on the natural decay processes of HIP-densified Sande wood in comparison with non-densified Sande, Andiroba and Choiba specimens, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving higher natural durability of densified wood in low adverse climates (temperate - dry). Ultimately, the two-stage densification process proposed in this thesis contributes to the improvement of low-density woods by developing a high-performance structural material from the partial delignification and isostatic densification of wood. This suggests a promising potential for new HIP processed wood materials.eng
dc.format.extentp. 1-119
dc.format.mediumElectrónico
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversidad de Medellínspa
dc.publisherUniversidad de Medellín
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0*
dc.subjectPartial delignificationeng
dc.subjectWood chemistryeng
dc.subjectTropical hardwoodseng
dc.subjectWood modificationeng
dc.subjectAnatomical structureeng
dc.subjectDurabilityeng
dc.subjectHIP densificationeng
dc.subjectWood decayeng
dc.subjectTropical hardwoodseng
dc.titleDevelopment of a high-performance structural material from reforested wood of the Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken species from the department of Chocóspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eurepo/semantics/openAccess
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ingeniería
dc.subject.lembÁrboles maderables
dc.subject.lembCompresión de la madera
dc.subject.lembMadera
dc.subject.lembResistencia de materiales
dc.relation.citationstartpage1
dc.relation.citationendpage119
dc.audienceComunidad Universidad de Medellín
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenierías
dc.publisher.placeMedellín
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.hasversioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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dc.rights.creativecommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International*
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.localTesis Doctoral
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad de Medellínspa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ingeniería
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado


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