Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease with a high physical and psychological impact, which affects the quality of life, but there are few studies on the relationship of positive variables and said the quality of life. Objective: Evaluate the relationships between health-related quality of life, perception of illness, resilience, anxiety and depression, social support, and self-esteem in patients with a diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Method: A non-quantitative study of correlational scope, there were 44 patients with a confirmatory diagnosis of RA, the Quality-of-Life Scale in Rheumatoid Arthritis-QOL-RA, Disease Perception Questionnaire-IPQ-B, Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale –HAD, the MOS social support scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the CD RISC-10 resilience scale was applied. Results: There was a favorable health-related quality of life in these patients and low levels of anxiety/depression. On the other hand, the worry dimension of the disease (IPQ) correlated negatively with self-esteem and quality of life in its physical component, while self-esteem and resilience did so positively. In addition, the different dimensions of social support such as emotional, instrumental support, positive social interaction, and affective with self-esteem and psychosocial HRQoL. Conclusion: Positive and negative psychological variables can influence differentially the quality of life-related to the health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. © 2022 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.