Money laundering is a transnational criminal phenomenon that affects countries within a globalized economy. In Ecuador, when the Integral Organic Code (COIP) comes into force in 2014, this conduct is sanctioned more severely and, for the first time, legal persons are included in criminal activities. In this context, by using a qualitative methodology and the case study method, this paper seeks to determine the decision of criminal decision on the basis of Becker's Economic Analysis of Law (AED), especially the cost-benefit ratio seen from the perspective of the agent (natural-legal person). The conclusion shows that the penalty imposed on a natural person can generate a cost for the State, whereas for a legal person it entails an affectation on the organization, as well as on the economic circuit of the country. © 2019 Centro Estudios Derecho Penal. All rights reserved.